Flying-machine.



M. A. PARISANQ. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 21, 1911.

Patented Sept. 30, 19-13.

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A. PARISANO.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 21, 1911;

Patented Sept 30, 1913.

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FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 13110.21, 1911.

Patented Sept; 30, 1913.

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FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 21, 1911.

1,074,525. Patented Sept. 30,1913.

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To all whom. it may concern Be it known that I, M oH ELA,. P -RIsano, acitizen of the United States, residing at. New York city,,in the countyof New York and State of New York, have invented certain. new. anduseful Improvements in Flying-Machines; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others killed-in the art towhioh it appertains tomake and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in heavier than air flyingmachines.

The principal objects-of the invention are as follows: i c

To supply avreliable and instant. acting automatic stabilizer forcorrecting any tendency of the machine to upset laterally,suchstabilizer being preferably combined with means termed a damperwhich prevents operation due to small and insignificant impulses. It isalso within my invention to employ the damper in questionwith otherforms of stabilizer than with that specifically claimed herein Toprovide-an improvement in the form (if-machine shown in my LettersPatent No. 987 596, dated M-arch21st, 1911, whereby the driving pressureexerted by one or more propellers within a draft cylinder may be causedto exert an upward or buoyant tendenoy, and whereby a certain proportionof the air driven by such, propeller or propellersmay be directed past akeel, in such a manner as to tend to promote the stability of, thedevice.

Toprovide an improvement in the aforesaid patented flying machine,whereby the same-may be converted instantly into a parachute in case ofneed and: the safety of the device he thereby greatly enhanced,

To provide an lmproved steeringmeans whereby a single wheel may beapproprihoflizontal or vertical steering or both: at W1 i To provide animprovedv form of rudder for vertical steering, whereby a more efficientgrip on'theatmosph reis securedill/1y invention is illustrated 1n apreferred form in. the accompanying drawings, where- 1n- Figure 1, is a;side ele ation, ofthe mach ne.

' in action, Fig. 2 is a, front elevation of the a e, F g, 3 5 a p planvi w' of the same,- Fig.1 4L. s a sect onal v w. through the drattSpeoificationof Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 30, W113i.

Application filed December 21, 1911. Serial No.667l156.

tube and keel, Fig. 5. is a sectional view showing the automaticsta'bilizer, Fig. 6 is a Showing details of the means for converting tto a parachute, Fig, 8 is aiplan view of the steering wheel' for doublefunction and g.- 9 s a ombined: p r pective nd diagram showing theconnections between said gh el and the hor zon a d! er i ers.

The frame work: of the machine is indi cated atlt). and the same ismounted upon wheels 11 and skids 12 in anywell known manner butpreferably in the manner indicated in Fig. 2, wherein certain novelfeatures are embodied and which are claimed in another pendingapplication of mine, Se'

rial Number, 667,155,, These novel features form no part of theinvention claimed in this application. The two motors 13 and 14 operatethrough the belts 15., 16, to revolve the propellers 17 18 in oppositedirections for the purposes set forth in! my. aforesaid Letters Patent.

The propellers 17 and 18 revolve symmetrically within what may be termeda draft tube 19. which difiers from the draft tube shown in my said:patent in that the same is open from end to-end of the bottom and hasthe edges at the bottom, preferably flaring outward at 20 all as clearlyshown in Fig. 4, I prefer to provide a keel 21, situated immediatelyunder the draft tube and in the opening between the edges 20. Thefunction of this-keel is to promote stability and Zthis is accomplishedby the rush of air outgi d and; downwardl from the tube 19 ithrough theopening at the bottom, causing Zia strongcurrent which resists anytendency offthfi keelf21 to depart from the vertical po- 'sition.

ately' manipulated for commanding either 1 The pressure createdbehindthe forward propeller 18, within the drafttube, instead I being! equ llydi r u ed outw rd as in I verse to the tube, the resultant of which is adistinct upward pressure which serves to 'increaserthe' buoyancy of theentire machine and this is an important feature of my in- .ent Q.

Anotherfe r t my y nt n s' the diagrammatic view. showing the operation1 i of converting the draft, tube into aparachute, 'Fig, 7 is an end,View of the draft tube,

' the main tube.

means'whereby'the draft tube may be converted very readily into aparachute and this is accomplished by using the tilting ends of thedraft tube, which are shown in my former patent above referred to, in anovel manner. 7 1

Instead of turning one end down and the other up for purposes ofsteering as in my former patent, I provide means whereby both ends areto be depressed at once, thereby cupping the tube, so to speak, andgiving 1t aform appropriate to a parachute.

At the same time I provide a single central opening 22 in the top of thetube 19 through which the upward rushing air is free to find an exit asthe machine falls. By this expedient, an'efiicient parachute is producedwithout additional apparatus. To accomplish this, various means may beemployed and I have shown as an example the two ends 23, 24 pivoted atthe top to the ends of the main tube 19 and furnished with flanges 25which are free to slide within curved guides 26 on-the outer surface ofThis-is clearly shown in Figs. 2, 6 and 7 and in Figs. land 6. The

depressed-position of the ends 23, 24 is indicated in dotted lines.

The position of the ends 23 and 24 is governed by a hand lever 27 withinreach of the operator which lever is furnished with two curved parts 28,29, to which are connected cables or ropes 30, 31, whose opposite endsare fixed to the ends of a lever 32 which serves to rotate a gear 33,meshing with a similar gear 34, whereby the shaft 35 is revolved, uponwhich is mounted a pulley 36. Over the pulley 36, a cord 37 passes,

which is connected at 38 to the tip of the tilting end 34.

Fastened at right anglesto the lever 32 is a similar lever 39, whoseends are connected by cables or cords 40, 41 to another use of the lar eand small gears 33, 34 and 43, 44 respectively, a relatively smallmovement of the lever 27 will accomplish a greater movement of the end23, 24.

The keel 21, being flared outward at its. upper edge, acts. when thetube used as a parachute, to divert the upwardly rushlng air outwardtoward each side, so as to cause it to move along the inner surfaces ofthe tube, preventing direct escape throughthe top opening, and thusincreasing theparachute efiect of the device. It is furthertube. By sodoing, this keel tends to 'promote the eflicient action of thepropellers.

In the production ofan improvedstabilizer, I provide the usual wings 45,46, the preferred shape of which isshown in Figs. 1 and 3, and on' thesewin s are mounted valve-like minor wings or ai erons shown at 47, 48.These ailerons normally cover and occupy properly shaped openings in themain wings and in normal operation constitute a virtual portion of themain'wings.

The ailerons 47, 48 are connected by cords in such a manner that, uponmovement of either alleron up or down, the other aileron will move inthe opposite direction, that is to say, down or up. In the preferredform shown this is. accomplished by connecting together the upper sidesof the two ailerons by a proper cable or cord 49 running overappropriate pulleys in a well known manner, and connecting the lowerside of each aileron by meansof small cords 50, 51, to the oppositesides of a collar 52 upon a pendulum 53, hanging within the draft tube.This is plainly shown in Fig. 5' and in Fig. 2.

weight 54 with pointed ends to lessen air resistance and the pointed tipof the pendulum shown at 55, preferably made springlike, plays over acurved bar 56 provided with upwardly extending teeth which serve toimpede the movement of the pendulum with relation to the bar 56 and theframe of the machine to'which the bar 56 is fixed.

It will be obvious that, since the pendulum 53, always tends to take avertical position, any departure from the vertical due to lateraltilting of the machine will cause the ailerons to be swung out ofregistry with the openings in the main wings. If, for instance, thedevice be supposed to tilt so as tolower the left hand side in Fig. 2,the aileron 48 will be depressed and the aileron 47 will be lifted andeach will stand inclined more or less according to the degree oftipping, to the general surface ofthe main wings. These inclined planesacting upon the rushing air will have a strong tendency to counteractthe tilting effect and to return the machine to the horizontal.

I have shown in my. drawings the pendulum 53 combined with the jib orsail 57, the action of which is described'in m patent above alluded toand nee s no description here. It is to be understood that thiscombination of the automatically moved ailerons with the jib or sail isnot essential to the present invention. The combination is illustratedin order to show the possibility of utilizing both stabilizing agenciesin one former I 95 The pendulum 53 carries an appropriate retiree f i lstructure. It is also to be understood that the keel 21 will contributeto the genera stabilizing result.

' The office of the toothed berth, acting in connection withthe'ilexible end or tip 55 on the pendulum is to prevent operation ofthe ailerons by reason of small accidental causes.

- At the same time, once the pendulum is set in motion, the flexible tip55 will sweep rapidly over the teeth 56 without appreciable retardation.My improvement is, therefore, distinguished from those. prior devices inwhich rollers, etc., act to retard or damp the action of the pendulumthroughout its move ment- The bar 56 may be fitly termed a normally 4rest-raining bar as distinguished froma conmovement of the machine whenthey are swung outward, by reason of the fact that the air is divertedinward toward the median line of the machine as well as upward ordownward as the case may I have found that, where lateral wings are usedof the kind herein shown and described, there is often a material escapeof air laterally along the under surfaces of the wings owing to theirinclination upward and outward, and, in order to oppose the progress ofair laterally-along the under surfaces of the wings, I have adoptedshallow windbreaking ridges 450 on the under surfaces 'I prefer toconstruct these, as shown, with I an, inclined surface on the innerside, whereby the air which seeks to escape laterally is forceddownward, with a resulting upward reaction which aids in supporting theentire not intend to limit myself to the details device.

The rudder for steering in the horizontal plane is shown at 58 and thatfor steerin in the vertical plane is shown at 59. I s all referhereafter to the rudder 58 as the vertical rudder in view of itsfunction, and to the rudder 59 as the horizontal rudder.

One feature of my present invention is the formation of the rudder 59-with a gentle reversed curve as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 9. I findthat by providing a gentle reversed curve in this manner,'a much moreefficient gripping is obtained on the air currentwhich passes across thefaces on the horizontal rudder 59 whereby an improved result in thesteering of the machine is obtained.

for the sleeve is shown at 63.

While it is not essential to my invention, I

have nevertheless preferred to provide a single steering wheel orequivalent means for the control of both rudders 58 and 59 and Ihave-shown one of various methods whereby this 'end may be accomplished.This is shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

The hand wheel 60 which is used to control both rudders is mounted uponthe end of the shaft 61 whose end revolves in a sleeve 62 in which it isfirmly held. Said sleeve 62 is pivoted to permit a swinging movement, asshow'n in dotted lines in Fig. 8, of the shaft '61 and sleeve 62. Thepivotal support The cross bar 64 on the shaft 61 is attached at its twoends to the cables or cords 65, 66 respectively; and these cords passover proper pulleys in a well known manner and extend to opposite facesof the horizontal rudder 59 where they are attached as clearly shown.

The sleeve 62 has an extension 67, forming onemember of a universaljoint, the other member of which is the socket 68 on the end of thelever 69 pivoted at 70 as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8. The lever 69is extended beyondthe pivot 70 and carries a cross bar 71 whose ends areconnected to cables or cords 72, 73 respectively. These cords arecarried over proper pulleys in a well known manner and are attached toopposite ends of a cross bar 74 on the horizontal rudder 58 as shown inFigs. 1 and 9.

It will be seen by inspection of Figs. 8 and 9 that rotation of theshaft 61 by means of the wheel 60 will produce a swinging movement up ordown of the horizontal rudder 59 while a swinging movement, as indicatedin dotted lines in Fig. 8, will produce a tension upon one or the otherof the cables 7 2, 7 3 whereby the vertical rudder 58 is operated. Thissingle wheel 60 may be made to control either of the two ruddersindependently of the other or both together.

Many changes might'be made in the construction and arrangement of theparts of my improved machine without departing from the spirit of myinvention and I do curved toothed bar adapted to engage the tip of saidpendulum so as to retard relative movement of the pendulum and theframe-work of the machine, substantially a stabilizing pendulum suitablyconnected.

to said ailerons, a swinging jib suitably connected to said pendulum,and a curved and toothed bar engaging the tip of said pendulum fordamping movement thereof, substantially as described.

5. In a flying machine, a draft cylinder or tube of substantiallyuniform cross sec tion, open atfront and back and along its under side,and a revoluble propeller located entirely within said tube, saidpropeller being arranged to compress the air within said tube and beingmaterially,smaller-in diameter than said tube, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a flying machine, a draft cylinder or tube open along its underside, a revoluble propeller within said tube, and means entering saidtube through-the opening beneath it for opposing idle rotation of theair within said tube, substantially as described. i

7. In a flying machine,a draft cylinder or tube open along its underside, a revoluble propeller within said tube smaller in diameter thansaid tube, and a keel projecting through the opening under the same,sufficiently to oppose idle rotation of air within the tube,substantially as described.

8. In a flying machine, a draft cylinder or tube open along its underside, a revoluble propeller within said tube,'said tube having anopening at the-top and flaring edges along its under opening, and a keelplaced along said opening and having its upper edge flaiing' upward soas to divert upward rushing air toward the two sides of the tube,substantially as described.

9. In a flying'machine, a draft cylinder or' tube open alon its underside, an opening at the top, and%aring edges along its under opening, arevoluble propeller within said tube, a keel placed alon said opening,and having its upper edge aring upward, and depressible hoodsat the endsof said tube by movement of which the tube may be converted into aparachute, substantially-as described.

10. Ina flying machine, a draft cylinder or tube open along its lowerside and having an opening in its top wall, curved guides near the endsof said tube, and hood-shaped tilt-able ends on said tube fittingoutside of the same, and having flanges adapted to slide along saidguides, substantially as described.

11. In a flying machine, lateral supporting wings inclined upward andoutward and a shallow wind-breaking ridge V-shaped in cross sectionfixed in a general longitudinal direction along the under side of eachwing between its outer and inner edges, adapted to impede the outwardescape of air beneath said wings and, by diverting the air downward, toobtain a reactive lifting effect, substantially as described.

12. In a flying machine, lateral supporting wings inclined upward andoutward, and a shallow fixed ridge having a sloping inward face,extending along the under side of each wing between its outer and inneredges, adapted to impede and downwardly divert outward air currents alonthe under surfaces of said wings, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature, in presence of twowitnesses.

MICHAEL A. PARISANO.

Witnesses:

HLS. MACKAYE, KATHARINE G. MEAD.

